ALGO Y NADA

We’re going to look at, how we say “algo” and how we say “nada” in English.

Let’s start then with “algo”; now this depend of course in English, whether we're talking about “algo”, within the affirmative context or within the context of the question. When it’s, within the context of an affirmative statement, we always translate “algo” as “something”.

So, let’s look at a few examples of some affirmative statement then, containing the word “something”.

I’ll give you in Spanish sentences and I want you to give me the equivalent in English.

I’ll give you the first example just to help you:

I’ll eat something at the station.

I want to do something about it….hacer algo al respecto

Something has to be done about this problem. Hay que hacer algo respecto a este problema

I want to do something about him I don’t like. Hay algo en él que no me gusta

You’ve got something stuck in your teeth! Or simply:

You've got something in your teeth!¡Tienes algo entre los dientes!

ANYTHING is the way we say “something” within the context of a question. Okay?

Did you see anything? ¿Viste algo?

Did you learn anything? ¿Aprendiste algo?

Does anything scare you? ¿hay algo que te da miedo?

Ask me if anything scare me.

Yes, getting things in between your teeth.

Is there anything I can do? ¿Hay algo que pueda hacer?

Okay. Let’s carry on with “ANYTHING” but this time the meaning changes, because “anything” can also means “NADA” within the context of the NEAGATIVE STATEMENT. No me acuerdo de nada, sería: I can’t remember 'anything or a thing' nada de nada). Okay?

She didn’t buy anything

I’ve never heard anything about it. Nunca he oído hablar de eso

I don’t suppose they’ll tell you anything new. Supongo que no….

In English we would say 'I don't suppose' and then the next verb in affirmative. In Spanish you say it in the other way round, you say 'supongo que no'. En inglés es 'no supongo que sí' significa lo mismo.

The investigation didn’t reveal anything of interest….no desveló…

'Anything' dentro del contexto de frases negativas: Cuando 'ANYTHING' aparece EN UNA FRASE NEGATIVA su significado se convierte casi siempre en 'NADA'. ¿Por qué? Por que en inglés no se pueden emplear dos negaciones en una frase, por ejemplo cuando en español se dice 'No quiero nada' en inglés no se puede traducir literalmente 'I don't want nothing'. Si decimos 'I don't want nothing' estamos en realidad diciendo 'Quiero algo'. Entonces para evitar esta situación reemplazamos la palabra 'Nothing? con 'Anything':

I'm not going to tell him anything

Tony isn’t saying anything.

Carol doesn’t want anything.

I don’t want to eat anything.

We won’t give you anything.

We weren’t doing anything.

They don’t want anything.

He’s not going to tell you anything.

Cuando “NADA” es el sujeto de la frase, no podemos decir “anything” sino hay que decir; NOTHING y como “nothing” es un elemento negativo en sí, el verbo que lo acompaña lo expresamos siempre en afirmativo. Por ejemplo:

Nothing can be done to save him now. Ya no se puede hacer nada para salvarle

Nothing really matters any more. Realmente ya nada tiene importancia.

Nothing tastes quite like Spanish ham. Nada sabe cómo…

Quite like=like.

 

Nothing was left after the attack. No quedó nada tras el ataque

No pudo pensar en nada que decir; pues a ver, aquí 'No' es el sujeto, pero también en vez de decir; 'He couldn’t think of anything to say' podemos expresarlo de otra forma, poniendo el verbo en afirmativo y empleando 'Nothing'. 

Vimos como la palbra 'Nada' a veces se traduce como 'Anything' sobre todo en las frases que contienen dos negaciones. Hoy nos toca presentar la palabra 'Nathing'. Cuando la palabra 'Nada' es el sujeto de la frase la traducimos como 'Nothing' bajando la mandíbula.

Nothing is impossible. Nada es imposible. Okay, the second one

Nothing can go wrong. Nada puede fallar

Nothing will change. Nada cambiará

No está ocurriendo nada: Now, en este casono decimos it's not happening anything sino literalmente: Nothing is happening. No está ocurriendo nada

Nothing is free. Nada es gratis

What’s up? – Nothing. ¿Qué pasa? - Nada

 

Ahora veamos la palabra'ANYTHING'. Cuando 'Anything' se trata del SUJETO de la frase se traduce como: CUALQUIER COSA. Cualquier cosa vale sería 'Anything goes'

Anything can change. Cualquier cosa puede cambiar

What do you want? – Anything. Qué quieres? – Cualquier cosa

Anything is better than working on Sundays. Anything beats working on Sunday. Mucho más corriente para CUALQUIER COSA ES MEJOR QUE... Y le sigue el gerundio

Acciones: Share performance.

Anything can affect share performance. ...afectar al rendimiento de las acciones

Anything will do. Cualquier cosa valdrá

Anything can damage employee morale. ...dañar la moral de los empleados

With your talent, you’re capable of doing anything. Con tu talento, eres capaz de hacer cualquier cosa

 

He’s not fussy at all, he’ll eat anything. No es quisquilloso en absoluto, come cualquier cosa.

 

She’s passionate about anything to do with Italian films. Está loca con cualquier cosa que tenga que ver con el cine italiano.

At something to do with. 'No' to see with it 'Nunca decimos' to see with. Okay? The next one.

I’d do anything to be able to play tennis like him. Haría cualquier cosa por poder jugar al tenis cómo él

He’ll do anything she wants. Good staff.Él hará lo que ella quiera

 

'ANYTHING' 'ALGO' dentro del contexto del interrogativo.

Is there anything to do?

Are you going to say anything?

Are you going to tell him anything?

Will anything happen?

Do you want to say anything?

Were you doing anything?

'MATICES' 'Nuances' We use the French word 'Nuances', 'Nuances' We pronounce it for equal like the french too, but the last is way we do 'Nuances'. And...We're goona look at three differents expressions which are very, very similar but each of which have a particular nuance and so be use in a particular way. Okay? The three expressions in question are:

'IT DOESN'T MATTER' which means; no importa o no tiene importacia. 'I DON'T MIND' which means; no me importa. And 'I DON'T CARE' I don't care means 'Me da igual' con lo cual es una expresión bastante fuerte. Le't start with It doesn't matter.

Don’t worry! It doen’t matter! This a very gentelent little expression 'No importa' It doesn't matter!

It doesn’t matter what it he thinks. The important thing is that you have a go. 'To have a go at something' es intentarlo. Okay, let's move on to 'I DON'T MIND'

'I DON'T MIND' is perhaps the politest way of saying 'Pues no me importa'.

I don’t mind who wins.

Grace won’t mind if you can’t go. A Grace no le importará si no puedes ir.

Do you mind if I smoke?

Okeu, let's move on now to the strongest of their three expressions'I DON’T CARE' Okay? I don’t care means; me da igual. It can come up cross, it can sound a little bit offensive if you’re not carefully. So I would always recommend you say; I don’t mind instead of I don’t care, when in doubt.

I don’t care if they come or not. Or I don't care whether they come or not. it’s very common in English to substitute 'If' for 'Wwhether' when you follow it with 'Or not'.

I don’t know whether it will rain or not.

I don’t know whether he’ll come or not.

I don’t know whether they’ll come or not.

You don’t care! Anne you don’t care, but I care.  I care. Do you care?

 

NO MATTER HOW…

We’re going to look at “no matter how”; different expressions that starts with “no matter how”. First of all we’ll look at 'NO MATTER HOW' followed by an adverb, okay? The equivalent in Spanish, would be: Por muy bien, por muy mal, por muy pronto, por muy rápido, etcétera, etcétera. It’s very easy, we simply say 'No matter how' then the adverb then the subject and verb and the sentence carries on, for example:

No matter how early you get there, they’ll always be someone in front of you. Por muy pronto que llegues allí, siempre habrá alguien delante de ti

 

Let's look at another example:

No matter how well you speak English you’ll never speak it like a native. Por muy bien que hables ingés, nunca lo hablarás cómo un native

 

No matter how hard he tried, he 'just or simply' couldn’t understand the problem. Por más que lo intentaba, no había manera de entender el problema

He "(just or simply) couldn’t" is the our way of saying "No había manera" He just couldn’t.

 

Let’s look now; NO MATTER HOW MUCH with uncountable nouns, for example:

No matter how much money you offer him, he’ll never sell you that picture. Por mucho dinero que le ofrezcas...

No matter how much property you own, you can only live in one house at a time. Por muchas viviendas que tengas, sólo puedes vivir en una casa a la vez.

No matter how much you argue, you won’t be able to make him to change his mind. Por mucho que discutas, no podrás hacerle cambiar de opinion

No matter how much you shout, they’ll never be able to hear you with this noise. Por mucho que grites, nunca podrán oírte con este ruido

 

Pasamos ahora a los sustantivos contables en cuyo caso diríamos 'NO MATTER HOW MANY' No matter how many books, no matter how many cars, no matter how many problems.

No matter how many problems you have, there’s always someone in a worse position than you are. Por muchos problemas que tú tengas, siempre hay alguien en peor situación que la tuya

 

No matter how many people come to the demonstration, I don’t think we’ll achieve anything. Por mucha gente que venga a la manifestación, no creo que consigamos nada

 

No matter how many items they sell, they’ll never make enough money to save the business. Por muchos artículos que vendan...

 

No matter how many times he did it, he kept making the same mistake. Por muchas veces que lo hiciera, no dejaba de cometer el mismo error.

 

Let’s look at a similar expression now, which is 'NO MATTER WHAT'. This is similar to 'HAGAS LO QUE HAGAS' 'NO MATTER WHAT TO DO'. También podemos decir 'WHATEVER YOU DO'. And we're gonna play these two expressions of against each other. I’ll give you the first one: Whatever you do, you’ll never be appointed. And I want you to phrase it in the other way you saying: No matter what you do, you’ll never be appointed. Hagas lo que hagas nunca te nombrarán.

Whatever he said they’ll never forgive him.

No matter he said they’ll never forgive him. Diga lo que diga nunca le perdonarán

 

Whatever he thinks, I’m going to go ahead and do it:

No matter what he thinks, I’m going to go ahead and do it. Piense lo que piense él, voy a seguir adelante con ello.

 

There is another similar expression which is 'NO MATTER WHERE'. Es como 'VAYAS DONDE VAYAS'. For example, wherever you live you’ll always have at least one problematic neighbor, is a sentence we can also express in the following way: No matter where you live, you’ll always have at least one problematic neighbour.

Wherever I go, I can’t stop thinking about her:

No matter where I go, I can’t stop thinking about her. Vaya donde vaya, no puedo dejar de pensar en ella

Wherever the Olympics are held, there will always be security problems:

No matter where the Olympics are held, there will always be security problems. Hagan donde se hagan, habrá siempre problemas de seguridad

 

WHAT MADE YOU DO THAT

WHAT MADE + PRONOUN (you, him, her, them) + VERB…?

WHAT MADE YOU DO THAT? Is our way of saying '¿POR QUÉ TE DIO POR HACER ESO? Okay? Literalmente decimos '¿Qué te hizo hacer eso?' Okay? What made you come? What made you jump? What made you do that? Let’s have a look at some examples then:

What made you do a thing like that? ¿Por qué te dio por hacer una cosa así?

Solemos decir 'To move house' y no 'To change house'

What made you change your mind? ¿Por qué te dio por cambiar de opinión?

What made them convert to Judaism? ¿Por qué les dio por convertirse al Judaismo?

What made you sell all your shares?

What made you send that letter?

What made her speak to the boss like that?

What made him marry someone like that?

What made you cross the road without looking? 'Without plus Gerund'

 

ALMOST AND HARDLY

In English there are two ways of saying 'CASI' all depends if we talking within negative context or in affirmative context. When the context is AFFIRMATIVE we say 'ALMOST'. It can be translated as 'CASI O POR POCO' for example; I almost died. They almost won the match. 'Almost' goes just before non-auxiliary verb and just after auxiliary verbs.

I’ve almost finished. Casi he terminado. 'Have' aquí es un verbo auxiliar por lo que colocamos 'Almost' después de ello. Okay?

We almost missed the train. Por poco perdimos el tren

Okay, of course some times we can use 'ALMOST' to DESCRIBE other PARTS OF THE SENTENCE.

It doesn’t always have to describe a verb, for example 'Casi todo' Almost everything. 'Casi todos los jugadores' Amost all the players: In this case it just goes next to right before whatever describes. Okay?

oKAY? Let’s move on to 'HARDLY'. Now 'Hardly' also means 'Casi' but within negative context, not a negative verb the verb Is always affirmative, but in a negative context. For example: 'Casi nunca' decimos nosotros 'Hardly ever'. 'Casi nadie' sería 'Hardly anyone'. En casi ninguna parte 'Hardly anywhere'.

Let’s have a go then:

I hardly ever go there. Casi nunca voy allí

You’ve hardly eaten anything. Apenas has comido nada

You’ve hardly said anything all evening.

So, as you’ve seen 'Hardly' functions in exactly the same way as 'Almost' Okay? That’s to say; just before non-auxiliary verbs and just after auxiliary verbs. Okay?

 

'WAS' y 'WERE' EN EL INTERROGATIVO.

We were wrong. Were we wrong?

They were there two. Were they there two? Were you with him? Were they French?

Was it yesterday? Were you at the party? Were they thirsty? Was it interesting?

 

'TAMBIÉN' (How are you today? I'm not bad. No, I'm okay. Quite excited because) today we’re going to look at “Also”. “Also” is one of the tree ways we can say 'También' as you know. We can say 'ALSO', we can say 'TOO' and we can say 'AS WELL'. Today we’re gonna focus on. We’re going to focus on 'Also' Okay?. 'Also' always comes after auxiliary verbs, for example:

I’m excited about the honey moon and I’m also excited about the wedding. Okay? 'Also' goes after the auxiliary verb 'en este caso' the verb to be.

I can speak Spanish I can also speak English. 'Also' después de 'Can'. 'Can' es un verbo auxiliar.

He’s a great public speaker he’s also a born leader.

I’ve been to Japan I’ve also been to China. 'Have' aquí se está comportando como verbo auxiliar 'I’ve also been to China'. Excellent! I’m also going to Vigo.

Cuando el verbo es un verbo no auxiliar:

I like this, I also like that.

I know Peter, I also know Jane.

He also works on Sundays.

My father gave me a book he also gave me a jumper.

Okay, last week we looked at “also”. We’ll look at “TOO” today. “TOO” means “también”  and always goes at the end of the sentences, okay? Or at the end of the clause.

I like the beach too. I saw it too. I felt a bit under the weather too (yo también me sentía un poco pachuco).

Sentirse pachucho es 'To be under the weather or to feel under the weather' I felt a bit under the weather too. Por cierto es mucho más común decir 'A bit' para un poco que 'A little': 'I feel a little under the weather' suena muy formal 'I feel a bit under the weather' en este caso en el pasado 'I felt under the weather too'.

We’re gonna look at another way of saying 'TAMBIÉN'. We’ve seen 'Also' just seen Too' and now, we’re going to look at 'AS WELL'

'AS WELL' always goes at the end of the sentence. Okay? By the way we are enumerating a series of things, okay? when we're creating a list if you like; we don’t usually use 'Too'. We tend to use “also” or “as well”, which is the next word or pair of words we're going to look at that means 'También'. So we can use “as well” when we’re reading a list, okay? I like this, I like that, I like this as well.

He really enjoys swimming, well actually he really likes playing tennis as well. Le gusta mucho nadar, pero realmente le gusta mucho jugar al tenis también.

I’ve read that book and I’ve read this one as well.

She ordered an ice-cream and she ordered a coffee as well. Pidió un helado y también pidió un café.

 

HAVE VS. HAVE GOT

We’re going to look now, at a point which causes some confusion for Spaniards. Okay? And that is the fact that in English we have two different ways of saying 'YO TENGO'. Podemos decir 'I have a phone or I’ve got a phone'. It doesn’t make any different, they’re both perfectly correct. In The States they tend say 'I have' or 'I don’t have' in the negative, and in The U.K. we tend to say 'I’ve got or I haven’t got'. Okay? What’s the problem? The problem is that have a peer in both expressions. The first 'Tener' y en el segundo 'Haber' y para complicar aún más las cosas SÓLO se puede decir 'HAVE GOT' EN EL PRESENTE. En cuanto quieras expresarte EN PASADO SIEMPRE es 'I HAD'.

Okay, let’s have a look at then!

I’ve got a headache.

He has a new car

They have a crippling mortgage. They have a crippling mortgage or they've got a crippling mortgage. ...una hipotéca agobiante.

She has to give a speech or She's got to give a speech. ...tiene que dar un discurso

Let's have a look now at some examples in the negative, so 'I DON'T HAVE or I HAVEN'T GOT.

I don’t have a clue or I haven’t got a clue. No tengo ni idea

He doesn’t have any money or he hasn’t got any money

We don’t have time or we haven’t got time.

>I don’t have to work next Monday or I haven’t got to work next Monday.

She doesn’t have many belongings or she hasn’t got many belongings. ...muchas pertenencias.

 

It’s nice and easy, but just remember; it sooner you want to say 'Have got' in the past you always have to say 'Had'. Okay?

I’ve got a lot of problems. Last week I had a lot of problems, okay?

Last week we look at the different between 'Have and Have got' in the affirmative and in the negative. Do you remember? Don’t forget they means exactly the same thing. 'I have got' and 'I have' mean 'Yo tengo'. The only different is that we can’t say 'Have got' in the past, to mean 'Yo tuve', tendría que ser siempre 'I had'.

Well, today we’re gonna look at the interrogative. We’re going to train asking few questions with both forms used to get you practicing. Okay.

First to using: Do you have; Does she have; Do they have and then the 'Have got' form, okay?  

Do you have the answers? Have you got the answers?

Does she have a complex? Has she got a complex?

Do we have enough peanuts? Have we got enough peanuts?

Siempre tenemos que preguntar empleando 'Did you have; Did they have; Did we have, okay?' en el pasado. Sólo teemos otras dos alternativas en Presente 'Have you go; Do you have' es lo mismo.

Does she have your number? Has she got your number?

Do they have a nice kitchen? Have they got a nice kitchen?

Does he have a better job now? Has he got a better job now?

 

SUBJECT QUESTIONS

Normally, when we ask questions with non-auxiliary verbs on ninety-nine per centum all of verbs in the English language, we use the auxiliary verb 'Do' but, there is one occasion when we don’t use 'Do, does and did' and that is when we are looking for the Subject of our verb in the question, for example: What happened? Estamos buscando el Sujeto del verbo 'happen' en la pregunta. What ate the chickens? ¿Quién se comió las gallinas? Estamos buscando 'Qué hizo la acción de comer; el Sujeto del verbo' Entonces simplemente decimos 'What" seguido del verbo en 3ra.p.s. What happens? Or What happened? por ejemplo:

What went wrong?

>What stopped you from doing it? Qué te impidió hacerlo?

What produces honey?

What killed the hens?

Last week, we looked at a series of subject questions, beginning with the question word 'What. Okay? Do you remember? What happened? What killed the cat?

Now, today we’re gonna carry on with some words subject questions this time, which some, that start with the question word 'WHO'. Okay, when we’re asking questions in which we want to try to find out the identity of the Subject of the verb we simply say 'What or Who' followed by the verb in the third person. We don’t need to use an auxiliary verb there, for example: Who ate the apple? Okay?

What I’m gonna do now in this is give you the answer to a series of questions, right? And I want you to ask the appropriate Subject question, okay? In the answer I will identify the Subject but of course, in your question you need to find out who that Subject is, for example: Tom ate the apple pie. Who ate the apple pie?

Janet won the tennis match. Who won the tennis match?

Peter scored the goal. Who scored the goal?

Hatty and Paul live in that house. Who lives in that house?

Arthur knows the answer. Who knows the answer?

Ian started the argument. Who started the argument? <ien>

Dick wrote the article. Who wrote the article?

 

IN THE END AND AT THE END OF SOMETHING

Ready, steady, go! Today we’re gonna look ut two different ways we in English say “Al final”. In English it depends if we say 'Al final' seguido de nada, de una coma o de un punto, decimos siempre 'IN THE END' In the end it doesn’t matter. But when you say 'Al final de algo; al final de la reunión, al final del partido' we say 'At the end of' okay?

'IN THE END'

In the end, we decided not to go.

In the end, it didn’t matter. Al final, no tenía importancia

In the end, I chose the other model or as we have afforded down in the text here: In the end, I went for the other model. 'To go for something' is 'To choose it'. Is antoher way of saying 'To choose'.

 

Don’t forget that when you in Spanish say 'Pensamos que no' en Inglés decimos literalmente 'No pensamos que sí'. Es decir ponemos el verbo pensar en negativo.

 

Okay, let’s move to 'AT THE END OF' 'At the end of something' que significa al final de algo.

I woke up at the end of the speech. Me desperté al final del discurso.

The lights went on at the end of the film. Las luces se encendieron al final de...

At the end of the program, I switched off the TV and went to bed.

 

TO GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING

I’m gonna start this section with two, tricky little question, for you. Okay?

How do we say 'CONSEGUIR ALGO'? 'TO GET SOMETHING'. Y cómo decimos 'CONSEGUIR HACER ALGO?' 'TO MANAGE TO DO SOMETHING'.

Pero, cuando decimos 'CONSEGUIR QUE ALGUIEN HAGA ALGO PARA NOSOTROS' volvemos a utilizar el verbo 'GET' okay? Decimos 'TO GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING': To get me to do something; to get him to do something; to get them to do something.

I got her to change her mind. Conseguí que cambiara de opinion

Did you get Danny to send the documents? ¿Conseguiste que Danny enviara...?

 

I’ll get them to take care of it. Haré que se encarguen ellos.

The local council: El Ayuntamiento

Rubbish: Basura

The local council got the cleaning company to clear up the rubbish. El ayuntamiento consiguió que la empresa de limpieza lipiara (Imperf Subj) la basura

You’ll never get her to apologize in writing. Nunca conseguirás (harás) que ella se disculpe por escrito.

I eventually got John to give the opening speech. Finalmente, conseguí que John hicíera (Imperf Subj) el discurso inaugural.

Don' forget that 'Eventually' in English means 'Finalmente' y 'No eventualmente' Okay? The next one then:

I eventually managed to get them to do it again. Finalmente conseguí que volvieran a hacerlo.

Y aquí hemos empleado 'Manage y Get' Lo cual es una redundancia total, pero se dice mucho 'I managed to get him to do something'. También podríamos haber dicho perfectamente 'I eventually got them to do it again'.

You’ll never get me doing a thing like that.

Empleamos el gerundio en lugar del infinitivo 'To' En un contexto de presiones para hacer algo.

 

'TO GET ON SOMEONE’S NERVES' means 'Saqcar a alguien de quicio o crispar los nervios'

His constant complaining is beginning to get on my nerves. Sus quejas constantes están empezando a ponerme de los nervios.

 

Will someone answer that damned phone; it’s really getting on my nerves. Que alguien coja (alguien que coja) ese maldito teléfono; está sacándome de quicio de verdad

 

I think the noise of your drill is getting on their nerves. Creo que el ruido de tu taladro está crispándole los nervios.

 

Will you two stop arguing; you’re getting right on my nerves. Dejad de discutir vosotros dos; me estáis poniendo a tope de los nervios

 

Sorry. Your music is getting on my nerves. Perdón. Tu música está crispándome los nervios

Doesn’t that song get on your nerves? ¿Esa canción no te saca de quicio?

 

AS WELL AS

Today we’re going to look at 'Una frase muy simétrica' es decir; AS + ADJ. or ADV. + AS. Eg.: As well as; as fast as; as good as 'Tan bien como' 'Tan bueno como' 'Tan rápido como' Okay?

I cook as well as my partner.

Samantha walks as fast as I do.

You can’t speak English as well as a native.

I can’t sing as well as Pavarotti.

He can’t type as fast as my secretary.

Can you run as fast as Carl Luis?

Are you working as hard as your boss?

 

VERBOS QUE AÑADEN 'ES' EN TERCERA PERSONA.

Verbos que acaban en 'CH – SH – X – O'.

I catch. He catches; I wash. He washes; I fix. He fixes; I go. He goes.

Ivan teaches Russian every Monday. ...enseña Ruso cada lunes.

Rosie catches the bus every day. ...coge el bus todos los días.

The performance finishes at 10 every night. ...la actuación finaliza…cada noche.

Darren fixes washing machines. ...repara lavadoras

The machine mixes the ingredients. ...mezcla los ingredients.

Fiona faxes me every day. ...me envía faxes todos lo días

Tim goes to school every day. ...va al colegio todos los días

Annie does her homework every day. ...hace sus deberes todos los días

 

LO MISMO OCURRE CON SUSTANTIVOS QUE ACABAN EN LAS MISMAS LETRAS 'X - CH – SH - O - SH'.

Sustantivos que terminan en 'CH'.

A church, two churches; a bench, two benches; one watch, two watches.

How many churches are there is Seville?

I don’t like watches.

Sustantivos que terminan en 'CH'.

One bush. Two bushes; one dish Two dishes; one wish. Two wishes.

I’m going to wash the dishes.

How many bushes do you have in your garden?

Sustantivos que terminan en 'X'.

One box. Two boxes; one fox. Two foxes; a tax. Several taxes.

Where are the boxes?

There many foxes in cities.

Does Devorah pay her taxes?